Speakers - AFHWC2025

Abstract

The variety of life on Earth and its biological diverse is commonly referred to biodiversity. The number of species of plants, animals and microorganisms, the enormous diversity of genes inside these species compose and determine biological diversity of our   planet. Ecological biodiversity is the diversity of ecosystems that unites all communities and habitats. In essence, it is the variety of ways that species interact with each other and their environment. For example, forests of tropics and subtropics differ from the forests of temperate or alpine zones by the type and variety of species found in these ecosystems, as well as, the temperature and rainfall amount. Georgia is distinguished by its plant biodiversity not only in the Caucasus, but in the whole world. More than 400 various species of trees and bushes are growing in different climatic zones, among them are a lot of species of local and the Caucasus endemics and relicts. They grow from humid subtropical to temperate and from sub-alpine and alpine to semi-desert zones. Local climate, edaphic factors and physical and chemical structure of soils are very important factors for determination, composition and variability of vegetation and living organisms. Ecological biodiversity leading to establishment of different communities and sub-communities are best guaranteed only in the reserved areas of the planet, which at the same time mitigate adverse effects of climate change. Presently the total number of all reserved areas in Georgia are 100, among them: 14 strict nature reserves, 14 national parks, 26 managed nature reserves, 40 nature monuments, 5 protected landscapes and 1 multipurpose use protected area. But it isn’t enough of course because there are many valuable forests and other remarkable landscapes in the country which deserve to be protected. The world’s prominent ecologists demand to increase the total reserved areas of the world up to 30 % and designate additional 20 % of the world’s territory as strictly monitored area by 2030 to keep the average temperature of the planet at 1.5C0. Our task is to follow this demand and increase our country’s reserved areas also up to 30 % by 2030 and make our donation in creation of healthy planet. We still have six year ahead.      
Key words: Biodiversity; Sustainability; Environment; Climate; Variability; Vegetation; Mitigate